Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature Practice Exam

What is a metaphor?

1. A direct comparison using 'like' or 'as'

2. A comparison without a comparative word

3. A specific type of figurative language focused on sound

4. An exaggerated statement not to be taken literally

The correct answer is: A comparison without a comparative word

A metaphor is defined as a comparison that does not use comparative words such as 'like' or 'as.' Instead, it directly equates one thing to another to highlight similarities and enhance meaning in a more implicit way. For instance, saying "Time is a thief" suggests that time steals moments from our lives without using a direct comparison. This allows for a deeper connection and visualization in the reader's mind compared to a simile, which would make that comparison more explicit by stating it as a likeness. The other options include comparisons that are more explicit, such as similes, which are defined by the use of 'like' or 'as.' Although other figurative language forms exist, such as hyperbole (exaggeration) or poetic sound devices, they do not fit the definition of a metaphor. Thus, the essence of a metaphor is its ability to create meaning through direct comparison without those comparative phrases.